Abstract The phytochemical investigation on Vitex negundo leaves has led to the isolation of one new iridoid glucoside (8α-hydroxy-4-carboxyl-5βH-9βH-iridoid-1α-O-(6′-O-(6,7-dihydrofoliamenthonyl)-β-ᴅ-glucopyranoside, 3), together with three known compounds, namely agnuside (1), 6′-O-E-caffeoylmussaenosidic acid (2), and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (4). The HPLC analytical study was also performed to quantify the content of agnuside (1) in dried leaves. The results indicated the very high content of 1 (3.04 ± 0.02%). The method was also validated by various parameters, including linearity (R2= 0.9999), precision (intra-day RSD ≤ 2.50%, inter-day RSD= 0.76%), and accuracy (recovery rates 96.58-101.86%). The animal testing data showed that the extract did not reduce pain at the doses of 9.6 and 28.8 g /kg (leaf weight/body weight) in the hot plates and pain measuring models but showed the pain reduction in the acetic acid-induced pain model. The extract at the dose of 5.6 g/kg (leaf weight/body weight) also had effects on the acute inflammation in the carrageenin-induced edema model. The extract at the dose 9.6 and 28.8 g/kg (leaf weight/body weight) also showed significant chronic anti-inflammation, comparable to methylprednisolone at the dose 10 mg/kg on the mouse peritoneal.

Abstract: A new soybean cultivar, Đ9, has the advantages of its parental lines: the Rpp2 resistance gene from the male parent (ĐT2000), and early maturation from the female parent (TL7). Đ9 displayed high resistance to soybean rust isolates from Vietnam, short-medium time to maturity, and high grain yield. This cultivar has been released for commercial production in northern Vietnam.

Abstract Fluorescent nanodiamond (FND) has been used for long-term cell labeling and in vivo cell tracking because they have good at photostability and biocompatibility. In this study, we evaluate the effect of fluorescent nanodiamond labeling on in vitro culture and differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) into hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs). For hepatic differentiation of hUCMSCs, cells were induced with human hepatocyte growth factor, nicotinamide and Dexamethasone. FND was supplied in two experimental groups with 20 μg/mL and 100 μg/mL in 2 hours. The cell was assessed for FND uptake by laser scan microscopy and flow cytometry methods. The effect of FND on hUCMSCs was evaluated by the cell viability and growth assays as well as the differentiation throughout of morphology alterations or gene expression of anfa-fetoprotein, albumin, and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α. The results showed that the labeling of hUCMSCs is efficient and easy and there was significant cellular uptake of FND. We did not observe any negative impacts of FND to the cell viability and growth. FND can be utilized for the long-term labeling and tracking of hUCSCs and HLCs in vivo studies.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence of multiple types of maltreatment (MTM), potentially confounding factors and associations with depression, anxiety and self-esteem among adolescents in Viet Nam. METHODS: In 2006 we conducted a cross-sectional survey of 2591 students (aged 12-18 years; 52.1% female) from randomly-selected classes in eight secondary schools in urban (Hanoi) and rural (Hai Duong) areas of northern Viet Nam (response rate, 94.7%). Sequential multiple regression analyses were performed to estimate the relative influence of individual, family and social characteristics and of eight types of maltreatment, including physical, emotional and sexual abuse and physical or emotional neglect, on adolescent mental health. FINDINGS: Females reported more neglect and emotional abuse, whereas males reported more physical abuse, but no statistically significant difference was found between genders in the prevalence of sexual abuse. Adolescents were classified as having nil (32.6%), one (25.9%), two (20.7%), three (14.5%) or all four (6.3%) maltreatment types. Linear bivariate associations between MTM and depression, anxiety and low self-esteem were observed. After controlling for demographic and family factors, MTM showed significant independent effects. The proportions of the variance explained by the models ranged from 21% to 28%. CONCLUSION: The combined influence of adverse individual and family background factors and of child maltreatment upon mental health in adolescents in Viet Nam is consistent with research in non-Asian countries. Emotional abuse was strongly associated with each health indicator. In Asian communities where child abuse is often construed as severe physical violence, it is important to emphasize the equally pernicious effects of emotional maltreatment.

OBJETIVO: Estudiar la prevalencia de maltrato múltiple (MM), los posibles factores de confusión y su asociación a problemas de depresión, ansiedad y autoestima entre los adolescentes en Viet Nam. MÉTODOS: En 2006 llevamos a cabo una encuesta transversal entre 2591 estudiantes (de 12 a 18 años, mujeres el 52.1%) de clases seleccionadas aleatoriamente de ocho escuelas secundarias de zonas urbanas (Hanoi) y rurales (Hai Duong) del norte de Viet Nam (tasa de respuesta: 94,7%). Se realizaron análisis de regresión múltiple secuencial para estimar la influencia relativa de factores individuales, familiares y sociales y de ocho tipos de maltrato, incluidos el maltrato físico, emocional y sexual y el abandono físico o emocional, en la salud mental de los adolescentes. RESULTADOS: Las muchachas declararon más abandono y maltrato emocional, mientras que los varones declararon más maltrato físico, pero no se observó ninguna diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre sexos en lo referente a la prevalencia de abuso sexual. Se clasificó a los adolescentes según hubieran sufrido ninguno (32,6%) o uno (25,9%), dos (20,7%), tres (14,5%) o los cuatro (6,3%) tipos de maltrato. Se observaron asociaciones bifactoriales lineales entre el MM y la depresión, la ansiedad y una baja autoestima. Después de controlar los factores demográficos y familiares, el MM demostró tener efectos independientes importantes. La proporción de la varianza explicada por los modelos se situó entre el 21% y el 28%. CONCLUSIÓN: La influencia de la combinación de factores adversos relacionados con los antecedentes individuales y familiares de maltrato infantil en la salud mental de los adolescentes en Viet Nam concuerda con los resultados de investigaciones realizadas en países no asiáticos. El maltrato emocional estaba estrechamente relacionado con cada uno de los indicadores sanitarios. En las comunidades asiáticas donde el maltrato de niños se suele identificar con casos graves de violencia física, es importante subrayar los efectos igualmente perniciosos del maltrato emocional.

OBJECTIF: Étudier la prévalence de plusieurs types de maltraitance, les facteurs de confusion potentiels et les associations avec la dépression, l'anxiété et l'estime de soi chez les adolescents au Viet Nam. MÉTHODES: Nous avons mené en 2006 une enquête transversale portant sur 2591 étudiants (âgés de 12 à 18 ans, dont 52,1 % de jeunes filles) appartenant à des classes sélectionnées au hasard dans huit établissements secondaires situés en zone urbaine (Hanoi) ou rurale (Hai Duong) dans le Nord du Viet Nam (taux de réponse : 94,7 %) Nous avons effectué des analyses par régression multiple séquentielles pour estimer les influences relatives des caractéristiques individuelles, familiales et sociale et de huit types de maltraitance, dont les maltraitances physiques, psychologique et sexuelle et les négligences physique et psychologique, sur la santé mentale des adolescents. RÉSULTATS: Les jeunes filles ont rapporté davantage de négligences et de maltraitances psychologiques, tandis que les garçons signalaient plus de maltraitances physiques, mais on n'a relevé aucune différence statistiquement significative entre les deux sexes dans la prévalence des abus sexuels. Les adolescents ont été répartis en catégories selon le nombre de types de maltraitance qu'ils avaient subis : aucun (32,6 %), un (25,9 %), deux (20,7 %), trois (14,5 %) ou l'ensemble des quatre types de maltraitance (6,3 %). Nous avons observé des associations bivariées linéaires entre la maltraitance multiple et la dépression, l'anxiété et la faible estime de soi. Après élimination de l'influence des facteurs démographiques et familiaux, nous avons observé des effets significatifs indépendants de la maltraitance multiple. Les pourcentages de la variance expliqués par les modèles allaient de 21 à 28 %. CONCLUSION: L'influence combinée de facteurs négatifs liés aux antécédents individuels ou familiaux et de la maltraitance au cours de l'enfance sur la santé mentale des adolescents vietnamiens est en accord avec les résultats des recherches menées dans des pays non-asiatiques. La maltraitance psychologique était fortement associée à chacun des indicateurs sanitaires. Dans les communautés asiatiques où la maltraitance à l'égard des enfants prend souvent la forme de violences physiques graves, il importe d'insister sur les effets également pernicieux de la maltraitance psychologique.